Diet-induced declines in thiamine concentration threaten the cardiac health of wild sub-adult Chinook salmon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) is an essential vitamin involved in energy metabolism. Despite its importance, thiamine deficiency is a widespread issue among wildlife. Thiamine deficiency is particularly prevalent among salmonine fishes, in which it is diet-induced and has been associated with detrimental changes to cardiac morphology and function. Here, we assessed the diet, thiamine concentration, and ventricular morphology of sub-adult Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in lakes Huron and Ontario. Stomach content analyses revealed distinct dietary differences between lakes. Chinook salmon from Lake Huron, which primarily consumed rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ), had significantly higher skeletal muscle and ventricle thiamine concentrations compared to those from Lake Ontario, where their diet mainly consisted of alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ). Histological analyses of cardiac ventricles revealed that low ventricle thiamine concentrations were associated with detrimental changes to ventricular morphology including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, degeneration, fibrosis, and changes in compact myocardium thickness. Altogether, this work demonstrates that low thiamine concentrations could threaten the cardiac health of wild salmonines, with important implications for their conservation and management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".