Influence of <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> B4 fermentation on soybean meal nutritional value and early weaned pig growth performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to examine B4's fermentation efficiency and the growth performance of newly weaned pigs fed B4 fermented soybean meal (B4-FSBM). METHOD AND RESULTS: Soybean meal (SBM) was inoculated with B4 and fermented at room temperature for 48 hours. Following fermentation, analysis was performed to examine anti-nutritional factor degradation efficiency. Fermentation broke down large molecular weight proteins, consistent with sizes of glycinin and β-conglycinin into smaller proteins. Crude protein significantly increased from 51.5% to 56.5%. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was reduced by 26.9% (P < 0.05), while the phytate phosphorus content was reduced by 59.16% (P < 0.05) in B4-FSBM. In the animal trial, 90 newly weaned piglets were divided into three groups, receiving either the negative control (NC; 25.4% SBM), positive control (PC; 25.4% SBM supplemented with 3000 mg/kg zinc oxide), or B4 (B4; 19% FSBM, 6.4% SBM). There was a temporary setback in growth performance for pigs fed B4-FSBM during the early weeks. However, their growth performance improved, and by the fourth week, their gain-to-feed ratio was significantly improved when compared to the control groups. Additionally, pigs fed B4-FSBM had increased (P < 0.05) crude protein digestibility compared to the NC for weeks 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Fermentation of SBM with B4 improves feed efficiency and protein digestibility in weaned pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".