Using imagery from the Mars Science Laboratory mission to understand wind properties of aerosols aloft
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since landing in 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL, Curiosity) has been investigating local aerosols through atmospheric imagery taken by its onboard Navigation Cameras (NCAMs). In particular, a Zenith Movie (ZM), is a vertically pointed 8-frame movie that is used to classify meteorological wind direction based on aerosol movement within the frames. Several Mars Year (MY) worth of data have been analyzed and found repeatable wind directions year-to-year. Water-ice clouds in the Aphelion season had strong Easterly winds, which agrees with modelling that shows a strong cross-equatorial Hadley cell in this season. The Perihelion season did not show any strong directions, which was attributed to the chaotic motion seen in dust clouds expected during this season. When compared to the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) onboard MSL, wind directions from the ZMs did not agree with REMS results. This mismatch between REMS and ZM wind results indicates that aerosols observed in imagery are most likely well above the crater rather than at the surface where REMS is located. • Atmospheric movies taken by the Mars Science Laboratory are used for meteorological wind direction measurements using aerosol movement. • A strong Easterly wind was found during the Aphelion Cloud Belt season pointing towards Hadley cell circulation. • We compare our results to the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station to determine if winds are within the crater or aloft.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".