Detection of polymorphisms in the prion-like protein Doppel (<i>PRND</i>) gene in Jeju black cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) plays a central role in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Given the structural and biological similarity to PrP, recent research has focused on Doppel (Dpl) protein, which is encoded by the prion-like protein Doppel ( PRND) gene. In this study, we characterized the PRND genetic polymorphism in 100 Jeju black cattle, a native Korean breed. We predicted the potential effect of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Dpl protein function using three in silico tools: SIFT, PANTHER, and PolyPhen-2. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the genotype distribution of c.395A>G (Q132R) between German BSE-infected cattle and Korean healthy cattle to assess the BSE susceptibility of Korean cattle. We found eight SNPs, including three novel SNPs c.-7C>T, c.172G>A (A58T), and c.537+83C>T. Only c.172G>A was predicted by SIFT to exert a deleterious effect. According to the comparative analysis, Holstein and Jeju black cattle exhibited a higher potential risk for BSE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic characteristics of the PRND gene in Jeju black cattle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".