Othering International Students: Exploring the Conflict Between Student Visa Policy and Canada's Commitment to Multiculturalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2024, the federal government announced a radical transformation in its policy regarding international student visas, including a drastic reduction in the number of such visas over a two-year period. The government’s public argument was that the increasing number of international students was putting pressure on the country’s housing and social service infrastructure. The truth is that students are the victims, not the cause of these problems. Facing squalid, cramped conditions - when they can find accommodations at all - many of them live the realities of food insecurity, absent, insufficient, or culturally inappropriate mental health support, and myriad other challenges that go largely unnoticed in the mainstream (or online) media and by the general public. There is, arguably, an undercurrent of racism and xenophobia that is motivating these policy changes. This paper examines the history of multiculturalism and its intersection with the experiences of international students in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.067 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.023 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".