Central nervous system mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salt-sensitive and salt-induced hypertension (SHTN) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous condition influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, genetics, sex, age, and dietary salt intake. Despite its prevalence, affecting about 50% of hypertensive and 25% of normotensive individuals, the precise mechanisms driving salt sensitivity remain incompletely understood. The central nervous system (CNS) plays a pivotal role in SHTN, as it detects changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid sodium (Na + ) concentrations and integrates sensory signals from peripheral organs. These inputs, in turn, regulate the autonomic nervous system, leading to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity that contributes to the onset of SHTN. This review examines the CNS mechanisms involved in SHTN, focusing on the key afferent and efferent pathways in its pathogenesis. We summarize recent findings on critical neural circuits activated by dietary salt and examine several key signaling pathways, including the brain’s renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone-“ouabain,” and salt-sensitive G proteins. Additionally, we discuss the clinical relevance of targeting the CNS for SHTN treatment and review current therapeutic approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".