Feasibility of monitoring click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in field headlands with Vernon Pitfall Traps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larvae of several species of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are serious agricultural pests in Canada, including Agriotes sputator L. in Prince Edward Island (PEI). Risk of crop injury can be roughly determined by captures of beetles in pheromone-baited traps. To determine the feasibility of monitoring beetle populations as part of an IPM program for wireworms, we installed traps in 32 fields in eastern PEI and checked them weekly for 9–16 weeks. Data recorded included: the number of beetles captured; the time required to check and service traps; presence of bycatch; incidence of flooding, predation, and disturbance; and the total time required to monitor each field. A mean of 66.6 beetles/trap were collected during 3430 trap checks, with no cleaning or reinstallation required in most (63.6%) instances. Trap checks required <2 min under most common conditions, but longer when cleaning and reinstallation was required, traps were flooded or contained bycatch, or when there was predation on captured beetles. These data are used to predict trap check time based on trap catch condition and the type of service required to traps. Field walking time depended on the distance walked, elevation change during the walk, and the crop present in the field. Together these data suggest it is feasible for crop consultants to monitor click beetle populations in multiple small-medium sized fields per day, and that such monitoring should be considered as part of an IPM program for wireworms in high value crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".