Sex‐Specific Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects: Do They Benefit Equally?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sex differences in congenital heart disease are known to effect outcomes, however, there is limited data on its role in atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. AIMS: We aimed to investigate sex differences in baseline characteristics, procedural and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent transcatheter ASD closure. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients undergoing ASD closure between 2005 and 2016 at the Toronto General Hospital, Canada. Information on index procedure and follow-up was extracted from the hospital medical records. RESULTS: Of the 853 patients included, 281 (32.9%) were male and 572 (67.1%) were female. Females more frequently presented with dyspnea or palpitations, whereas males had more cardiovascular comorbidities. More males presented with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction than females. Females had higher RV systolic pressures and a higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Procedure-related complications were rare and not different by sex. At 12-month follow-up, both males and females showed comparable decreases in RV diameter, RV systolic pressure, and TR severity. After a mean follow-up of 3 years (SD = 5), no significant differences were observed in the incidence of death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.48 [95% CI 0.38-5.74]; p = 0.57), need for cardioversion or ablation, cerebrovascular events, and pacemaker implantation. Females had a lower hazard of new-onset atrial fibrillation than males (HR = 0.63 [95% CI 0.41-1.00]; p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although patient profiles differed by sex, procedural and long-term outcomes were comparable, suggesting that females and males benefit equally from transcatheter ASD closure.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".