Effect of topical <i>Cichorium intybus</i> gel on knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aims: The existing evidence indicates the adverse effects of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on reducing pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of the herbal drug Cichorium intybus gel and diclofenac gel on pain reduction, morning stiffness, and physical function in knee OA patients. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 150 patients with moderate to severe knee OA without comorbidity were randomized to one of three groups (A, B, and C). Then, patients were treated with one fingertip unit per 25 cm2 of the skin of 3% hydroalcoholic C. intybus extract gel, diclofenac gel, and placebo gel three times a day for six days. The therapeutic response was evaluated using standard measures. Results: C. intybus gel and diclofenac gel could significantly reduce the visual analogue scale score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, including total pain, physical function, and morning stiffness (P<0.001) in comparison with the control group. The effect of C. intybus gel and diclofenac gel was not significantly different (P>0.05). No serious adverse effects were observed based on the findings. Conclusion: C. intybus extract gel as an alternative herbal remedy can be further investigated given its efficacy, which is better than placebos and similar to diclofenac.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".