Task-specificity of local load feedback depends on intersegmental information in an insect walking system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Load proprioceptive feedback measured by campaniform sensilla (CS) substantially contributes to the generation of leg stepping during walking. In stick insects, the effect of load feedback on the antagonistic protractor and retractor motor neurons (MNs) reverses depending on the walking direction to support the functional stance MN pool in both stepping directions. However, this was shown in highly reduced preparations in which the stimulated leg did not perform actual stepping movements, but the effect was inferred from MN activity profiles. It is still largely unknown whether the load feedback similarly shows a direction dependent reversal in its effects on protractor and retractor activity during actual stepping of the stimulated leg. Here, we implemented load stimulation in a single-middle leg preparation and recorded protractor and retractor MN activity extracellularly during fictive forward and backward stepping. We show that CS stimulation during the stance phase prolonged stance (retractor) activity for the duration of the stimulation and induced stance (retractor) activity when applied during the swing phase in forward stepping. During backward stepping, when protractor and retractor switch phases, the same stimulation again prolonged stance (protractor) activity for the duration of the stimulation. However, it rarely induced stance (protractor) activity when applied during the swing phase. We provide evidence that this is due to the absence of signals about the stepping direction of the neighboring legs, thus highlighting the importance of intersegmental signals for task-specific processing of load proprioceptive feedback. New and Noteworthy Proprioceptive feedback needs to be processed in a task-dependent manner to serve its function, even when the leg kinematics change to generate different behaviors. We show for forward and backward stepping that load signals initiate and maintain the activity of the functional stance phase motor neuron pool and that intersegmental signals about stepping of the neighboring legs are relevant for the task-specific processing of load feedback.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".