Flooded Pantanal Forests Absorb CO2, While Grass-Dominated Savannas are Sources for the Atmosphere in South-Central Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Cerrado and the Pantanal are important ecosystems in the central region of Brazil. Cerrado vegetation has varying physiognomies that differ in height, cover and tree density, ranging from thick forests to pastures without woody vegetation. The Pantanal landscape consists of a mosaic of floodplain grasslands, open forests and temporary or permanent aquatic habitats. The present work aims to evaluate the energy balance and carbon (C) flows in an area of Cerrado (Campo Sujo) in the Baixada Cuiabana and forest areas in the Pantanal. Carbon flows in both areas were measured from micrometeorological towers equipped with eddy covariance sensors to measure energy and CO2 flows. The annual net flow of carbon (NEE) depended on the availability of water in both areas, where, depending on the climate regime, the ecosystem behaved as a net emitter of C to the atmosphere or a sink for atmospheric CO2. The Campo Sujo Cerrado became an emitter of NEE to the atmosphere (314 g C m-2) during the study years, especially under dry soil conditions, while in the Pantanal, NEE emissions increased during the dry season and absorption increased during the rainy season. The mean annual NEE in the Pantanal biome was -262 g C m-2, which proved to be a strong NEE sink. Therefore, it should be noted that the change in vegetation cover, mainly in the Pantanal, can have a significant impact on the NEE balance. Keywords: Cerrado. Pantanal. NEE. Carbon Flow. Eddy Covariance. Resumo Na região central do Brasil, encontram-se dois dos mais importantes ecossistemas brasileiros: o Cerrado e o Pantanal. A vegetação do Cerrado tem uma fisionomia específica, variando em altura, cobertura e densidade de árvores, desde matas cerradas até pastagens sem vegetação lenhosa. A paisagem do Pantanal consiste em um mosaico de pastagens inundáveis, florestas abertas e habitats aquáticos temporários ou permanentes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o balanço de energia e os fluxos de carbono em uma área do Cerrado de Campo Sujo na baixada cuiabana e áreas de floresta no Pantanal. Nas áreas de estudo, foram instaladas torres micrometeorológicas equipadas com sensores para medir os fluxos de energia e CO2. Em ambos os biomas, o fluxo líquido anual de carbono (NEE) depende da disponibilidade de água no sistema, onde, dependendo do regime de precipitação, o ecossistema pode se comportar como emissor ou sumidouro de NEE. O bioma Cerrado de Campo Sujo tornou-se um potencial emissor de NEE para a atmosfera (314 g C m-2 ano-1) durante os anos de estudo, especialmente sob condições de solo seco. No bioma Pantanal, as emissões de NEE aumentaram durante a estação seca e a absorção cresceu durante a estação chuvosa. O NEE médio anual no bioma Pantanal foi de -262 g C m-2, o que provou ser um forte sumidouro de NEE. Diante disso, observa-se que a mudança na cobertura vegetal, principalmente no Pantanal, pode ter um impacto significativo no balanço do NEE. Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Pantanal. NEE. Fluxo de Carbono. Eddy-Covariance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".