Factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This study aims to summarize the existing literature on factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disability. Methods: A systematic search of three databases was conducted using predefined criteria. Studies were screened for eligibility by title/abstract, followed by full-text review. Data was extracted to capture key information including study characteristics, participant demographics, and factors associated with PTSD. A narrative thematic analysis was employed to identify and categorize findings. Heterogeneity across studies precluded a meta-analysis, thus a narrative review was conducted. Results: From a pool of 15,852 studies, six articles published between 2002 and 2023 were included. Among the factors studied, lower levels of social support, increased caregiving demands, and parent’s history of depression were most frequently associated with elevated PTSD scores. Conclusion: This study offers insights into the factors associated with caregiver PTSD, highlighting the need for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".