Spouses’ Individual and Shared Cumulative Risk: Implications for Functional Health and Longevity in Older Adulthood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Multisystem biological risk, a marker of physiological dysregulation, accumulates over time in response to exposure and adaptation to chronic stress. Spousal concordance in health and health behaviors indicates potential for shared risk to accumulate within couples. This study examined spouses' shared multisystem biological risk as a modifier of individual risk and predictor of future functional limitations and mortality. METHODS: Biomarkers and physical measures from 3,856 heterosexual couples (77%White, 31% college degree) were collected from the 2008/2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to construct individual and shared frailty, cardiometabolic, and total risk indices and predict functional limitations and survival at 2016/2018. RESULTS: Multilevel Poisson and logistic regressions showed couples' cumulative shared frailty, cardiometabolic, and total risk to be associated with the number of functional limitations and survival status at follow-up. Spouses' shared cardiometabolic and total risks attenuated the effects of respective individual risks. Results were partially explained by partner selection and health experiences. Predicted probabilities were compared to gender-stratified models. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve showed models of shared risk to have greater predictive power. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study indicate that the cost of adaptation manifests not only in individuals, but also through an additional pathway that is co-constructed and shared by spouses. These findings underscore the critical role of shared context between individuals and their spouses in the treatment process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".