<i>Vibrio</i> are a potential source of novel colistin-resistance genes in European coastal environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Colistin is a widespread last resort antibiotic for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The recent worldwide emergence of colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr-1 in human pathogens has raised concern, but the putative sources and reservoirs of novel mcr genes in the marine environment remain underexplored. We observed a high prevalence of Col-R, particularly in Vibrio isolated from European coastal waters by using the same cohorts of oysters as bioaccumulators in three sites across Europe. The high sequence diversity found in the mcr/eptA gene family was geographically structured, particularly for three novel eptA gene variants, which were restricted to the Mediterranean (France, Spain) and occurred as a dgkA-eptA operon. The RstA/RstB two component system was shown to control both the dgkA-eptA operon and the Col-R phenotype. The analysis of 29 427 Vibrionaceae genomes revealed that this mechanism of intrinsic resistance is prevalent and specific to the Harveyi clade, which includes the human pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. The operon conferred colistin-resistance when transferred to sensitive non-Vibrio strains. In general, eptA gene variants are widespread and evolved with the Vibrio lineage. They occur in clade-specific genomic environments, suggesting that eptA expression responds to distinct environmental signals across the Vibrio phylogeny. However, we also identified mobile eptA paralogues that have been recently transferred between and within Vibrio clades. This highlights Vibrio as a potential source of Col-R mechanisms, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent colistin-resistant infections in coastal areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".