A randomized controlled trial: Effects of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among older T2DM with wearable devices in a mHealth model (Preprint)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine is an effective and promising strategy, especially for the initial stages of a home-based therapeutic exercise program. We designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effects of Tai Chi and walking on cognitive function in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using wearable devices in a mobile healthcare model. OBJECTIVE We designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effects of Tai Chi and walking on cognitive function in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using wearable devices in a mobile healthcare model. METHODS The study was a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomized (1:1:1) to receive usual care, fitness walking, or Tai Chi exercise. All indicators were assessed at baseline and 12-week follow-up. The usual care includes traditional diabetes education. Participants in the fitness walking group performed walking exercises on a treadmill under the supervision of a researcher three times a week for 12 weeks. Participants in the Tai Chi group practiced 24-style Simplified Tai Chi through live video streaming under the guidance of professors and professionals. In this 12-week program, participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using Guardian Sensors 3, CGM sensors attached to the upper arm. All participants will carry bracelets to record their heart rate, sleep parameters, and steps. The primary outcome was the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included other cognitive subdomain tests, and blood metabolic indices. RESULTS After 12 weeks of intervention, the Tai Chi exercise group showed a significant improvement in MoCA scores from baseline (23.83 [17.79, 25.66] vs. 21.42 [17.11, 24.74], P=0.027). The fitness walking exercise group showed an improvement in MoCA scores (22.94 [18.05, 23.98] vs. 21.58 [17.35, 24.12], P=0.083), but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed that web-based exercise therapy for patients may help improve exercise therapy's effectiveness in cognitive function among older T2DM. Tai Chi has significant advantages in improving cognitive function and sleep quality, while fitness walking, although also beneficial, is relatively weak in these areas. CLINICALTRIAL All participants signed an informed consent form, and the Institutional Review Boards of all participating institutions approved the study (2024-013-01). The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2200057863(19/03/2022).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".