Phase Angle Is a Potential Novel Early Marker for Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment in the General Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk for dementia. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between sarcopenia‐related indices and cognitive decline in the general population. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study involving 263 participants (163 men with a median age of 60 years [interquartile range = 53–70] and 100 women with a median age of 58 years [interquartile range = 49–68]) who underwent a general health examination. Sarcopenia‐related indices included appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/height 2 , ASM/body mass index, handgrip strength (HGS), HGS/upper extremity skeletal muscle mass and phase angle (PhA). We examined the associations between these indices and cognitive function using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J). Results Higher PhA, an indicator of muscle quality, was associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.28 [95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.78], p = 0.014), whereas the other sarcopenia‐related indices showed no significant association with MCI in both sexes. The PhA of women was positively associated with the MoCA‐J scores ( β = 0.27, p = 0.005). Moreover, the PhA of women showed a positive correlation with cognitive subdomains, including memory ( r = 0.22, p = 0.031), which is one of the earliest manifestations of cognitive impairment. The PhA in men was also positively correlated with memory ( r = 0.24, p = 0.002). Conclusions PhA is a potentially novel index for detecting the risk of sarcopenia and cognitive decline in the general population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".