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Record W4410193891 · doi:10.1139/apnm-2024-0501

Exploring perceptions and needs of school food programs among parents and caregivers: a mixed-methods study

2025· article· en· W4410193891 on OpenAlex
Selina Mae Quibrantar, Mavra Ahmed, Erica Di Ruggiero, Daniel Sellen, Vasanti Malik

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNursing
TopicNutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Canadian institutionsPublic Health OntarioUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnthusiasmFocus groupEthnic groupPerceptionNeeds assessmentMedical educationMedicinePsychologyPublic relationsPolitical scienceBusinessMarketingSocial psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

National school food programs (SFPs) have been implemented in several countries and can provide numerous benefits to children across the world. In June 2024, Canada released a National School Food Policy to support the development of a national SFP in Canada. As the enthusiasm to develop a national SFP grows, policymakers need evidence to inform a national SFP that can meet the needs of diverse communities in Canada. There is a paucity of recent information about the perceptions and needs of parents and caregivers in Canada regarding SFPs from various regions across the nation. To close this knowledge gap and gain insight into preferred program attributes, we conducted a mixed-methods study involving focus groups/interviews and surveys with parents and caregivers in the Greater Toronto Area and examined perceptions about the cultural aspects of SFPs among ethnic-specific sub-groups (South Asian, East Asian, and Southeast Asian households). The perceptions and needs identified from all parents and caregivers in the study were used to develop a framework that highlights attributes of a holistic and multicomponent SFP. This framework can be tested and modified with additional information from other locations and can validate other frameworks to inform policymakers on the most important objectives, attributes, and cultural considerations for a national SFP grounded in the perceptions and needs of parents and caregivers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.850
Threshold uncertainty score0.845

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.052
GPT teacher head0.340
Teacher spread0.288 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it