The Hidden Realities of Discrimination from Patients: A Scoping Review of Healthcare Workers’ Experiences
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Discrimination in healthcare settings is a burgeoning area of applied inquiry and intervention. Existing research has focused on the experiences of patients as the targets of discrimination with less attention paid to patients as the source of discrimination. The main objective of this scoping review is to identify, explore and map the literature on the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) as targets of discrimination from patients and/or their family members. A scoping review of articles indexed in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023. The results were summarized, coded and thematically categorized according to the aim. The review identified 173 articles that highlighted various forms of discrimination manifesting in a multitude of ways, including requests for, and refusals of specific HCWs based on social identity markers. The results suggest that there are significant barriers that prevent HCWs from reporting and responding to these incidents in efficient ways, resulting in an array of negative psychological ramifications. This review highlights core areas in need of greater attention in order to better support HCWs during challenging interactions with discriminatory patients. Institutional recommendations aimed at research and education efforts, learner experiences, policy writing, documenting and reporting, institutional culture, resources and support as well as the role of professional bodies, were identified. Evidence-informed work is needed in this area to ensure that policy-level changes are informed by the lived experiences of those enduring these incidents.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it