The psychosocial and emotional burden of lymphatic filariasis: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease affecting an estimated 882.5 million people at risk of infection. It is caused by the filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, leading to lymphedema, and severe deformation of extremities and resulting in both physical and mental health consequences. Affected individuals often suffer from depression, anxiety, and anger, exacerbated by disability, marginalization, and societal rejection due to their physical disability. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Scielo databases without date restrictions, and including articles in both Spanish and English. The quality of selected articles was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO under de code: CRD42024537760. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were included in this analysis, which identified the emotional impact of LF. Common symptoms include depression, anxiety, frustration, anger, and feelings of inferiority. Physical disability caused by lymphedema led to societal rejection, contributing to the development of these symptoms. We also found that the severity or advancement of the disease correlated with an increased emotional and social impact. CONCLUSIONS: LF significantly impacts the quality of life due to both its physical and emotional consequences. Psychological support for affected individuals is crucial from diagnosis, and the education of transmission and treatment of LF in endemic communities is essential to prevent discrimination and exclusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".