THE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (COMMIPHORA GILEADENSIS, ACACIA TORTILIS, AND ACACIA EHRENBERGIANA) NATURALLY GROWING IN NAJRAN REGION, SAUDI ARABIA AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC AND APPLICATIONS POTENTIAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Saudi Arabia’s Najran region is home to a rich diversity of medicinal flora that has long been utilized in traditional healing practices. Among these, Commiphora gileadensis, Acacia tortilis, and Acacia ehrenbergiana have gained attention for their potential therapeutic value. Despite growing interest, the pharmacological profiles of these species remain underexplored in modern scientific literature, particularly in the context of clinical applicability and safety. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, therapeutic applications, and potential risks of Commiphora gileadensis, Acacia tortilis, and Acacia ehrenbergiana, with a focus on their role in treating infections, inflammation, metabolic, and cancer-related conditions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2023 using relevant keywords. Eligible studies included experimental, observational, and ethnopharmacological research on the three target species. Data was extracted regarding bioactive compounds, therapeutic effects, and toxicity profiles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. All three plants demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity, with C. gileadensis additionally showing cytotoxicity against prostate, liver, and cervical cancer cells. A. tortilis exhibited antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects, while A. ehrenbergiana showed anticancer and wound-healing properties. However, potential risks such as hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and drug interactions were also noted, indicating the need for controlled clinical studies. Conclusion:The reviewed species exhibit considerable pharmacological potential, supporting their traditional uses. Nevertheless, their integration into modern medicine requires standardized extraction methods, toxicological assessments, and well-designed clinical trials to confirm efficacy and safety in human populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".