Demographics, management, and outcomes of out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study comparing children and adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim Out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrests (TCA) are associated with a poor prognosis, yet limited research focuses on paediatric TCA. This study aimed to compare outcomes following TCA between children and adults. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the French cardiac arrest registry (RéAC) between July 2011 and March 2023. We included all patients under 65 years who suffered a TCA managed by a mobile medical team. Patients were categorized as children (<18 years) and adults (18–65 years). The primary endpoint was the 30-day survival, and secondary endpoints were: return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival at hospital admission and survival with a favourable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories 1–2) at 30 days. Results Among 5,030 included patients, 396 were children (median age 13 [IQR 4–16] years; 73.2% male) and 4,634 were adults (median age 39 [IQR 27–51] years; 80.4% male). Paediatric patients had significantly higher rates of ROSC (25.5% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.02), survival to hospital admission (21.2% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001), and 30-day survival (3.5% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.01). However, the proportion of patients achieving a favourable neurological outcome at 30 days did not differ significantly between groups (0.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.80). Conclusions Paediatric patients with out-of-hospital TCA demonstrate higher rates of ROSC and survival compared to adults, although neurological outcomes remain poor in both populations. These findings underscore age-related disparities in TCA prognosis and highlight the need for age-specific research in TCA patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".