Genetic Susceptibility on PM2.5 Exposure and Respiratory and Neurobehavioural Health in Children: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract INTRODUCTION Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been associated with respiratory and neurobehavioural complications. Children are uniquely vulnerable compared to adults due to their growing lung and brain functions. With increased exposures to PM2.5 in North America due to wildfires and ongoing ambient PM2.5 contributions from traffic and industrial processes, there is an urgent need to identify specific populations that may be more susceptible to PM2.5 exposure. To address this need, we performed a systematic review of published research exploring the effect of genetic susceptibility on PM2.5 exposure and resulting respiratory and neurobehavioural health in children. METHODS Search of Embase, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted using search terms identified in our online protocol (PROSPERO ID558137). Title/abstract and full text screening were performed in duplicate, including studies with a study population <18 years of age, quantified PM2.5 exposure, genetic information available and applied to test for modification of PM2.5- respiratory or neurobehavioral health outcome relationships. Single-reviewer data abstraction has been completed to date, allowing a summary of sample sizes, age, region, and genetic markers demonstrating association with susceptibility to PM2.5 with respect to identified health outcomes. RESULTS Of the 852 articles reviewed, 17 studies met criteria for inclusion. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 86 to 5,746, for a total of >30,000 [CC1] participants represented. Studies were conducted in North America (USA, Canada), East Asia (Taiwan, China), and Europe (Netherlands, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden, Belgium). Differences in GSS, XPC, EPHX1, CYP1A1, GSTP1, TLR2, TLR4, IL13, TNF, CC16 38A and NOS2 H1 & H3 genes were found to have statistically significant effects on the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and respiratory health outcomes including lung function (FEV1, FVC, mid-maximum expiratory flow), acute bronchitis, aggregate bronchitic symptoms, asthma, wheeze, and relevant markers of inflammation (urinary CC-16 and FeNO). Differences in APOE4 and OXTR genes, polygenic scores for Alzheimer's disease, and copy number variations (CNV) were found to have statistically significant effects on the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and neurologic health outcomes including brain volume, autism, and urinary acetic acid (an indicator for the risk for gut microbiota disorder that is related to the brain-gut-microbiota axis). CONCLUSION Included studies highlight specific genes and groups of genes that may influence a child's risk for respiratory or neurobehavioral disease or symptom development when exposed to PM2.5, supporting the potential for precision-approaches to identifying and protecting susceptible populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".