Akt1 is Essential for Follicular Helper T Cell Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are crucial for mediating high-affinity antibody production. While Akt and its downstream molecules, mTOR and FOXO1, play significant roles in Tfh cell development, the specific involvement of Akt in this process requires further investigation. In our study, we observed increased levels of p-Akt1 and 2, as well as enhanced expression of Cxcr5 and Bcl6, in Tfh cells compared to non-Tfh cells. We found that deletion of Akt1 in CD4+ T cells led to a reduced percentage of Tfh cells in the spleens of influenza virus-infected mice. Additionally, mice that received adoptive transfers of CD4cre Akt1f/fOT-II T cells exhibited a lower percentage of Tfh cells during OVA challenge, resulting in decreased numbers of germinal center (GC) B cells and lower levels of antigen-specific antibody production. Notably, the expression of Tfh cell signature markers remained unchanged in CD4cre Akt1f/f Tfh cells. In further experiments, we confirmed that double deletion of Akt1 and Akt2 in OT-II cells impaired the Tfh response in an adoptive transfer model following immunization. The expressions of CXCR5 and PD-1 were significantly decreased, indicating that Akt1 and Akt2 can compensate for each other. Furthermore, phosphorylation of S6 and 4E-BP1 was reduced in CD4creAkt1f/fAkt2-/- CD4+ T cells upon TCR stimulation. These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Akt isoforms in Tfh cell development and differentiation. Keywords: Follicular helper T cells; AKT; signaling transduction; mTORC1; antibody production
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".