Retrospective Analysis of Patient Profiles and Disease Burden for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Initiated Triple Therapy in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract RATIONALE In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at risk of exacerbation, early treatment with triple therapy (TT) has been shown to reduce the risk of exacerbations, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs. However, many patients with COPD in China at risk of exacerbations are not prescribed TT. One reason for this is that characteristics of patients most likely to benefit from TT are not always identified. This study aimed to describe demographics, characteristics, and disease burden for patients with COPD in China who initiated TT. METHODS This retrospective analysis using data from the Tianjin electronic medical database identified patients aged ≥40 years who initiated single-inhaler TT (SITT) with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) or budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol (BUD/GLY/FOR), or multiple-inhaler TT (MITT) between January 1, 2019-June 30, 2023. Index date was the first date of an episode for which TT was prescribed for 30 consecutive days. Patient characteristics and demographics, COPD-related HRU and costs, and eosinophil levels (EOS) were captured on the index date and during the baseline period (12 months pre-index). RESULTS Overall, 7871 patients were included in the overall population; 3582 and 4289 patients were included in the MITT and SITT subgroups, respectively. Among patients in the SITT subgroup, 508 received FF/UMEC/VI and 3781 received BUD/GLY/FOR. In the overall population, median age was 66 years, 64.8% of patients were male, and the annualized rate of exacerbations was 0.34 (Table). The most common comorbidities at baseline were hypertension (36.8%) and asthma (33.0%). The proportions of patients in the overall population with ≥1 COPD-related emergency department (ED) visit, inpatient admission, and outpatient admission were 7.0%, 10.8%, and 62.4%, respectively. The annualized rate of COPD-related ED visits, inpatient admissions, and outpatient admissions was 0.15, 0.15, and 2.71, respectively. The median COPD-related total direct medical cost (RMB) was 2068 per patient and 361 per patient per visit in the overall population. Of the 653 patients with reported EOS, 43.5% had EOS <100 cells/μL, 42.1% had EOS 100-<300 cells/μL, and 14.4% had EOS ≥300 cells/μL. The annualized rate of exacerbations was 0.84 among patients with available EOS and 0.30 among patients without available EOS. CONCLUSIONS This study found that patients with COPD who were prescribed TT in China had a median age of 66 years and 64.8% were male. The most common comorbidities at baseline were hypertension and asthma, and more than half of patients with reported EOS had EOS >100 cells/μL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".