Cardiometabolic Measures in Children Born to Mothers With Gestational Sleep-disordered Breathing: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract RATIONALE: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) occurs in 17% to 45% of pregnancies and is associated with gestational hypertension and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that animal offspring exposed to either intermittent hypoxia or sleep fragmentation during the late gestational period later develop cardiometabolic disturbances. However, it remains unclear if SDB during pregnancy is associated with long-term cardiometabolic problems in children.This pilot study focuses on cardiometabolic outcomes in children born to mothers with gestational SDB and will help determine feasibility of home-based measurements and adjust our study protocol before recruiting the full cohort. METHODS: Participants were recruited from the Quebec 3D cohort (Design, Develop, Discover) 9 to 11 years after delivery at both Montreal and Quebec City sites. A home visit was completed for data collection including age, sex, height and weight. Automated blood pressure (BP) was taken for 3 measures 3 minutes apart. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed using an oscillometric device, measuring every 30 minutes during the day and every hour during the night. All values were adjusted for age, gender and height as per the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Participants also completed a home polysomnography (Level 2). RESULTS: We recruited 42 mother-child dyads, 16 exposed to SDB during pregnancy, and 26 unexposed. At baseline (home visit), mothers were 44.3 ± 3.7 years (mean ± SD) and the children, 10.5 ± 0,7 years. Forty-eight percent (20/42) of the children were female. Automated BP measurements and ABPM were taken as per protocol for 93% of the children. We are continuing to review and interpret automated BP and ABPM findings, including evaluating quality of measurements. Body mass index (BMI) z-score for the children exposed to gestational SDB was of -0.2 ± 1 and of -0.1 ± 1 for the unexposed group. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that our protocol of assessing and monitoring BP and ABPM in children is feasible. Ongoing review and analysis of the pilot study data regarding feasibility benchmarking and reliability of our assessment methods will be used to strengthen our protocol for the full cohort. We are also completing exploratory analyses for the cardiometabolic data, assessing BP values and potential associations between BP, BMI, current SDB status, and possible observed differences between exposed and unexposed groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".