Generalized Fourier-Laplace photothermal spectroscopy of optically absorbing media generated by arbitrary optical-excitation waveforms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work develops the thermal spectrum field theory in the dynamic steady state for photothermal fields under arbitrary optical excitation, utilizing a combined Fourier-Laplace formalism subject to generalized conductive and radiative boundary (surface) conditions. The theory represents a generalization of the thermal field spectral theory of opaque solids to photothermal spectroscopy of optically nonopaque media. The developed formalism introduces infrared thermophotonic emission as the spectrally resolved response of condensed media while eliminating signal background variations caused by incoherent (``decoherent'') leaky degrees of freedom inherent to diffusion physics. The theory is applied to ink-water mixtures with varying optical absorption coefficients. The Fourier-Laplace approach to photothermal spectroscopy demonstrates the absence of decoherent thermal energy superposition in the photothermal field, validates the dynamic steady-state nature of the recorded transient thermal waves, and enables accurate measurements of optical absorption, thermophotonic emission, and surface heat transfer coefficients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".