Telomere Length and Change Among Infants Growing up in Low‐ to Mid‐Income Households
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Telomere biology is a molecular mechanism that may underlie relationships between stress and health outcomes and has been shown to vary across racial and ethnic groups. Telomere length may also be susceptible to the deleterious impacts of stress during early development. However, limited research has examined these associations in diverse samples using repeated measures in infancy. This study assessed longitudinal change in telomere length across three time points in the first year of life (n = 90) in a diverse sample of infants (53.3% female, 30% Black, and 35.6% Hispanic) from low- to middle-income backgrounds. We also examined associations between maternal psychological stress, sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 pandemic onset, and infant telomere length. In this sample, female infants had longer telomeres than male infants. Additionally, visit timepoint significantly predicted infant telomere length, showing nonlinear patterns of change over time. Maternal psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics, and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with infant telomere length. Overall, these findings suggest that infant telomere length is dynamic in the first year of life, although larger and more socioeconomically heterogeneous samples may be needed to detect the effects of stress on infant telomere length.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".