River incision, seepage erosion, sea-level change, and the development of a coastal plain landscape since 15 Ma in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fluvial, estuarine, and marine deposits record landscape development and relative sea-level (RSL) change since 15 Ma in the Pine Barrens region of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Coastal deposits that aggraded to an elevation of +60 m record rising RSL from 20 Ma to 15 Ma, and sequentially inset fluvial plains and offlapped coastal sequences record RSL decline to −5 m at 5 Ma. Coastal deposits record RSL highstands in the Pliocene (+20 m) and middle and late Pleistocene (+20 m at marine isotope stage [MIS] 11 or 9, and +10 m at MIS 5e). Denudation after 15 Ma was accomplished by successive river incisions in response to RSL declines accompanied by widening of valleys by seepage erosion, producing terraces and pediments and theater-like valley heads. Denudation from the incision-seepage process can be quantified by reconstructing the topography of a 2400 km2 region at five time periods (11 Ma, 7 Ma, 2 Ma, 125 ka, and 15 ka) based on the extent of surficial deposits of those ages and then subtracting successive reconstructions. This method yields an overall denudation rate of 3.9 m/m.y. (3.1–5.5 m/m.y. uncertainty range), which resolves spatially (as 60 × 60 m grid cells) to a range of <1 m/m.y. on upland remnants of the oldest fluvial plain to 110 m/m.y. during MIS 2 in stream channels connected to the Hudson shelf valley. These rates are at the low end of those measured in areas of higher relief in the Appalachians, indicating that seepage erosion is an effective denudational agent in low-relief coastal plains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".