Factors Affecting the Functional Status of Multimorbid Elderly Patients With Essential Hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increasing life expectancy is closely related to the increasing burden of polymorbidity, as well as the number of medications per patient of elderly and senile age (polypharmacy). These factors can have a direct and indirect impact on the cognitive and functional status of patients, which is of utmost importance for preserving both, the duration and the quality of life of older patients. AIM: Assessment of functional status of multimorbid elderly patients with essential arterial hypertension depending on the burden and structure of multimorbidity and its possible relationship with cognitive function condition. METHODS: 330 patients aged ≥ 60 years with arterial hypertension (median age 79 years, 50.6% women) were included in the study. All patients underwent assessment of functional status using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and cognitive functions using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (Cognitive Subscale). RESULTS: The median total score on the FAQ questionnaire was statistically significantly higher in the atrial fibrillation group [12 (9–14) points] compared to the arterial hypertension group without atrial fibrillation [10 (6–12) points; p = 0.001], in the chronic kidney disease group [11 (8–14) points] than in the group without chronic kidney disease [10 (6–13) points; p = 0.002). The median final FAQ questionnaire score was statistically significantly (p 0.001) higher in the group of patients with a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 8 points [12 (9–15) points] compared to that in the group of patients with a Charlson index score of 0–4 points [9 (6–11) points]. According to linear regression analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship between the number of FAQ scores, on the one hand, and the patients’ age (R2 = 0.175; β = 0.422), Charlson comorbidity index (R2 = 0.044; β = 0.216), and the results of cognitive functions testing [Mini-Mental State Examination (R2 = 0.348; β = −0.591), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (R2 = 0.286; β = −0.537), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (Cognitive Subscale; R2 = 0.345; β = 0.589; p 0.001 in all cases). CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with essential arterial hypertension, the presence of concomitant atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease has a negative impact on their functional activity and cognitive status. Decrease in functional activity and deterioration of cognitive functioning of elderly patients with arterial hypertension is also associated with increasing age and burden of multimorbidity (Charlson index).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".