THE ROLE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY DURING WARTIME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines the role of public diplomacy as a tool for ensuring national security in the context of hybrid threats, information-psychological attacks, and armed conflict. Particular emphasis is placed on its military dimension—defense diplomacy—which, in the modern world, serves as a crucial component of a state’s soft power and a means of influencing international audiences without direct military intervention. The study analyzes the transformation of diplomatic practices in response to globalization, the decline of state monopoly over foreign policy, and the growing influence of non-state actors in international communication. Special attention is given to psychological operations (PSYOPs) as an integral part of military public diplomacy, their impact on target audiences under conditions of hybrid warfare, and their instrumental role in shaping state information policy. The article outlines the key functions of defense diplomacy, including the promotion of national interests, the strengthening of strategic partnerships, participation in military training, humanitarian operations, and the work of military attachés. It also provides examples of defense diplomacy practices in NATO member states, the USA, France, Germany, and Canada. Public diplomacy is presented as a key instrument for shaping a positive international image of the state, influencing global narratives, and ensuring strategic security through educational, scientific, cultural, economic, and informational mechanisms. Its capacity to influence public opinion, mobilize international support, foster alliances, and engage in dialogue with the diaspora and non-governmental organizations is underscored. Given the ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea, and the hybrid nature of the current conflict, the implementation of an effective public diplomacy strategy has become exceptionally significant for Ukraine. The author argues that public diplomacy should evolve not only as a communicative platform but also as a structural element of national security policy. Keywords: public diplomacy, national security, defense diplomacy, strategic communications, soft power, military conflict, PSYOPs, foreign policy, information influence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".