Bibliographic record
Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives play an important role in various applications, including optical chemical sensors. The electronic structure of the inner 16-membered ring in porphyrins, which consists of 18 electrons, governs their key optical features. Different classes of porphyrin molecules provide a diverse range of ring structures and substitutions, which can be effectively utilized to tune or modify specific spectral properties. Additionally, these properties are influenced by chemical modifications or changes in the pyrrole rings. Porphyrin is a highly symmetrical molecule with two pairs of low-energy excited states: quasi-forbidden Q states in the visible region and strongly allowed B states in the near-UV region. Over the past 30 years, our research group, in collaboration with other organizations, has played a key role in developing a wide array of optical porphyrin-based sensors by exploring the complex spectral properties of porphyrin derivatives. Here, we present three applications of optical porphyrin-based sensors: continuous blood-oxygen measurements for intensive care unit (ICU) use, pressure-sensitive paint for aeronautic wind tunnel measurement, and pH imaging in cementitious materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".