Large language models for detecting colorectal polyps in endoscopic images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
sponsorship: Cesare Hassan and Alessandro Repici are supported by the European Commission (Horizon Europe 101057099). The Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC): IG 2022 - ID. 27843 project / (AIRC) IG 2023 - ID. 29220 project. And Bando PNRR- MCNT2- 2023- 12377041. Yuichi Mori is supported by the European Commission (Horizon Europe: 101057099). Luca Carlini is supported by the National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments (PNC, established with the decree- law 6 May 2021, n. 59, converted by law n. 101 of 2021) in the call for the funding of research initiatives for technologies and innovative trajectories in the health and care sectors (Directorial Decree n. 931 of 06- 06- 2022) - project n. PNC0000003 - AdvaNced Technologies for Human- centrEd Medicine (project acronym: ANTHEM). This work reflects only the authors' views and opinions; neither the Ministry for University and Research nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them. Michael Bretthauer is supported by the European Commission (Horizon Europe No. 101057099), Norwegian National Clinical Trial Mechanism (grant 36935), and Norwegian Research Council (grant 315410). Raf Bisschops is supported by a grant of research foundation Flanders (G072621N) and FKO of KU Leuven. Chiara Lena is supported by Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action (MUSA) project (ECS00000037), funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) (European Commission|101057099, The Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)|27843, The Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)|29220, The Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)|12377041, National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments|59, National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments|101, National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments|931, National Plan for NRRP Complementary Investments|PNC0000003, Norwegian National Clinical Trial Mechanism|36935, Norwegian Research Council|315410, Research foundation Flanders|G072621N, FKO of KU Leuven, Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action (MUSA) project -European Union - NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)|ECS00000037)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".