Perinatal Outcomes of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Defined by Delphi Criteria and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF): Preliminary Retrospective Data [ID 1303]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objective was to investigate the associations between placental growth factor (PlGF) levels and adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant patients diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR)/small for gestational age (SGA) by Delphi criteria. METHODS: Data were collected between June 2022 and August 2024. Placental growth factor levels were interpreted based on gestational age. Data were analyzed using Delphi criteria: early-onset FGR (less than 32-week estimated fetal weight [EFW], less than 3%); late-onset FGR (greater than 32-week EFW, less than 3%); early-onset SGA (less than 32-week EFW, 4–10%); late-onset SGA (greater than 32-week EFW, 4–10%). Perinatal outcomes were defined as abnormal placental morphology (ultrasound), preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), cesarean birth rates, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and confirmed maternal/fetal malperfusion (placental pathology). The study was approved by REB-USask #Bio3702. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients met the Delphi criteria for FGR/SGA. Low PlGF levels were more frequent in late-onset FGR (66%). There was a significant association between PLGF levels and the presence of FGR/SGA (P=.01). Abnormal placental morphology was more frequent in early-onset (53%) and late-onset (56%) FGR. Preeclampsia was more frequent in late-onset FGR (44%) and late-onset SGA (56%). Intrauterine fetal demise was more frequent in late-onset SGA (11%). Cesarean birth rates were higher in all four categories of FGR/SGA (56–71%). Admission to NICU was 59% in early-onset FGR and 78% in late-onset FGR. Confirmed placental pathology findings were present in greater than 50% of early/late-onset FGR. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Low PlGF levels were associated with diagnosis of FGR/SGA (Delphi criteria). Early/late-onset FGR were associated with low PLGF levels, abnormal placental morphology, preeclampsia, cesarean birth, admission to NICU, and confirmed fetal/maternal vascular malperfusion. Late-onset SGA was associated with preeclampsia, IUFD, and cesarean birth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".