Feasibility and Acceptability of Online Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Canadians of South Asian Origin: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Faisabilité et acceptabilité de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale en ligne adaptée à la culture pour traiter la dépression et l’anxiété chez les Canadiens d’origine sud-asiatique : Essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This paper reports a pilot trial of culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for Canadian South Asians. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of online CaCBT to treat anxiety and depression in Canadian South Asian individuals. The secondary objective was to measure changes in depression, anxiety, and disability. Methods: An assessor-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 sites in Canada (Greater Toronto Area, Ottawa, and Vancouver). One hundred forty-six participants were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: Ca-CBT (experimental group) or standard cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (control group) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome, feasibility, was measured through engagement, recruitment, and participant retention. Acceptability was measured through the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale. Working Alliance Inventory was used to measure therapeutic engagement. Secondary outcomes included depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—HADS), somatic symptoms (Bradford Somatic Inventory—BSI), and disability (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS). Assessments were carried out at baseline, at the end of therapy (12 weeks from baseline), and at follow-up (36 weeks from baseline). Results: We were able to recruit participants within the given timeframe with excellent retention rates in both arms. Most participants in the intervention group, 56 (74.7%), attended ≥ 8 sessions, and 11 (14.7%) attended 5 to 7 sessions. Eight (10.7%) participants from the intervention group and 9 (12.0%) from the control group dropped out of therapy (<5 sessions). Participants in the intervention group reported higher levels of satisfaction ( P = 0.001) and therapeutic engagement ( P < 0.001) compared with the control group. Participants in both groups benefited from CBT. Conclusions: This is the first report of online CaCBT for depression and anxiety for Canadian South Asians. The intervention is acceptable and feasible. Culturally adapted CBT is as effective as standard CBT in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".