The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as a biomarker for depression in a community sample of adolescents
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Depression is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents. As research to date has primarily focused on inflammatory cytokines, the potential role of white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets in the inflammatory response is not well understood. This study examines the association of blood cell based inflammatory indices, including the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and depressive symptoms in participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Methods: Adolescents were recruited from community settings and completed self-report measures of depression symptoms and semi-structured psychiatric interview to determine depression diagnosis. Participants provided blood samples to obtain absolute counts of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet levels for calculation of inflammatory indices. The association between depression and inflammatory markers was examined while accounting for participant age, sex, ethnicity, comorbid psychiatric disorder, parental education and annual household income. Results: = 0.012), after adjusting for covariates. Diagnosis of depression was not associated with WBC levels or indices. Conclusions: In this community-based sample of adolescents, greater depressive symptoms were associated with elevated SII and individual white blood cell levels. Future studies using larger, longitudinal clinical samples are needed to confirm the potential role of the SII in adolescent depression, and the involvement of inflammation in early-onset depression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it