Diversity patterns and trait-specific variations in soil nematode communities associated with Solidago invasion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant invasions substantially alter both aboveground and belowground communities. Invasive species modify habitats, directly and indirectly affecting soil biota and functions. Soil nematodes, the most diverse and abundant faunal groups in the soil food web, play a crucial role in shaping plant-soil feedback mechanisms. Using a DNA metabarcoding approach, we conducted the first in-depth analysis to examine the relationship between nematode assemblages and the dominance of the aggressive exotic species, Canadian goldenrod ( Solidago canadensis ), by comparing invaded and uninvaded (control) plot pairs in a protected urban meadow over two consecutive growing seasons. In Solidago stands, nematode taxonomic diversity declined, particularly at the ASV level, with herbivores and fungivores contributing most to this decline. In contrast, bacterivore genus richness was higher in invaded soils compared to control soils. Although overall functional diversity declined, herbivorous nematodes were functionally more diverse in invaded soils. Community composition differed significantly between invaded and uninvaded soils, with influences from soil moisture and season. Bacterivore frequency (mainly enrichment opportunists) was higher, while herbivore frequency (particularly facultative endoparasites) was lower in invaded soils. These changes led to a simplification of network structure, reducing herbivore connections and increasing the roles of bacterivores and predator-omnivores. Our results suggest that the invasion strategy of S. canadensis relies mainly on two key plant-soil feedback mechanisms: (1) release from herbivory pressure, and (2) enhanced nutrient acquisition or supply via bacterial pathways. By integrating taxonomic, trait-based, and network approaches, this study highlights how plant invasions can reshape belowground biodiversity and alter ecosystem functioning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".