Development of Self-Reinforced Concrete Block for Improved Shear Wall Ductility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes development of a new Self-Reinforced Block (SR Block) designed to achieve greatly increased compressive strains in order to enhance shear wall ductility. Design of SR Block to provide confinement of block concrete is presented. Proof-of-concept block making showed that reinforcing devices could be molded within the body of a hollow block using standard block making equipment. Prism tests using these SR Block showed equal strength to unreinforced block at 2% strain and over 80% strength at 3% strain. A spiral wire type of reinforcing device was molded into block for construction of a full scale shear wall. Tests of companion block prisms showed over 40% increase in compressive strength and over 80% retained strength at 3% strain. Fully reversed cyclic testing of the SR Block shear wall reached a ratio of ultimate deflection to yield deflection of 7.0 where ultimate deflection was defined as the point when post-yield capacity had decreased to 80% of the peak value. Using an idealized bilinear equal energy response, this ratio changed to 5.5. Compared to an identical wall utilizing standard block, the SR Block wall had superior ductility and capacity maintenance. Even so, examination of the wall after termination of loading showed that the ductility limit had not been reached but rather that resistance to lateral load had decreased due to a shear softening of the wall. A duplicate wall with improved shear resistance gave an idealized deflection ratio of 8.3. The implications for seismic design are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".