Investigating Consumer Xenocentrism in Emerging Markets: The Mediating Role of Product Judgments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Building on the growing literature on consumer xenocentrism (C-XEN), this study aims to enhance our understanding of this construct by proposing a theoretical framework that investigates C-XEN antecedents, control variables, and its impact on consumers’ willingness to buy foreign products, while also testing the mediating role of product judgments. Based on a sample of 480 Tunisian consumers, descriptive statistics and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) analyses reveal that C-XEN is primarily predicted by the product’s country of origin (COO) and consumer disidentification (CDI). The findings also indicate that while C-XEN significantly impacts the willingness to purchase foreign products, it is more strongly associated with favorable judgments or attitudes toward them. This paper seeks to enrich the growing body of C-XEN literature by suggesting and testing a new C-XEN model integrating its main antecedents and outcomes, in a MENA developing country like Tunisia. Theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".