Modeling heat loss through sweating: Towards improved heat load prediction from child occupants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design of HVAC systems requires correct estimation of both sensible and latent heat gains from occupants in order to assess cooling loads. Children differ significantly from adults in their heat production and thermoregulation in part due to variations in body mass, height, and sweat gland development, resulting in a unique sensible heat ratio for children. Though in spaces such as school classrooms and gymnasiums or daycares, children are the dominant occupant group, they are absent from load tables documenting the rate of net heat production by occupants and their sensible heat ratio. This study presents a steady-state, child-specific heat balance model, developed by modifying existing first-order thermodynamic equations from the literature to account for children’s unique anthropometric characteristics. Through a comprehensive search process, experimental data on children’s heat loss through sweating was gathered and analyzed. Statistical analysis of this data revealed the shortcomings of adult-based models in calculating the rate of evaporative heat loss through sweating per body surface area of children, even in mild environmental conditions. A novel regression model of the evaporative heat loss through sweating as a function of the air dry bulb temperature and net heat generation is proposed. This research lays the groundwork for the creation of comprehensive child-specific heat load tables, essential for optimizing HVAC systems in spaces designed for children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".