Quantification of hydroxide in co-precipitated nickel, manganese, cobalt carbonate precursor via TG-MS analyses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A significant obstacle associated with the synthesis of carbonate precursors for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC) is the concurrent precipitation of nickel hydroxide. Depending on the synthesis conditions and on the desired transition metals stoichiometric ratio, nickel may precipitate solely in its hydroxide form, even with excess carbonate present in the synthesis medium. The present work investigates the use of thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) technique to quantify the dehydration, dehydroxylation and decarbonation of such mixed precursors. A calibration curve built for the dehydroxylation of nickel hydroxide with a copper sulfate internal standard allowed for the differentiation of sample weight loss associated to either hydrates or hydroxides. Thereafter, the numerical deconvolution of derivative TG and MS peaks obtained for NMC precursors enabled the calculation of atomic percentages of metal hydroxides and carbonates. Various commonly cited mathematical models for deconvolution are examined to investigate the quality of fitted data. According to this research, asymmetric double sigmoidal functions best represented the TG-MS data obtained for NMC carbonate precursors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".