Normative data of the Spanish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in older individuals from Peru
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has proven to be an effective tool for detecting early dementia in older adults. However, in the Latin American region, there are few available norms of the Spanish version. The Peruvian population faces major healthcare barriers to early screening, so it is important to validate this instrument within this population. Objective: To standardise the Spanish version of the MoCA for the older population in Lima, addressing the critical need for culturally and demographically adapted cognitive evaluation tools in Peru. Methods: The test was administered to 338 ambulatory and homebound adults aged 60 to 80 (216 women) from three institutions: San Miguel District Municipality, San José Obrero Polyclinic in Barranco, and EDMECON in Surco. we computed regression-based norms adjusted for age and education. Results: Sex was not a predictor of the total scores of MoCA. Moreover, age (R2=0.12) and education (R2=0.24) significantly influenced cognitive performance, with education being the strongest predictor. A raw score above 18 indicates normal cognitive performance for the total sample. Conclusions: We provided normative data and cutoff scores for older Peruvians, supporting the clinical use of the MoCA in Peru and setting a benchmark for future test standardizations in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".