The effects of parental cardiovascular disease on children's behavioural, emotional, and social outcomes: a scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Several reviews indicate that children of parents with chronic conditions are more likely to report psychosomatic complaints and internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing problems (e.g., attention difficulties, aggressive behaviour) in comparison to those who do not have a parent with a chronic condition.1,2 Given the growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among younger populations (20% increase in last two decades in those aged 35-54),3 it is important to understand the ways in which children are affected (behaviourally, emotionally, socially) by a parent’s diagnosis of CVD and their support needs. In comparison to other illness contexts, such as in oncology, there are no reviews of studies synthesizing the literature on children’s outcomes and needs when a parent is diagnosed with CVD. A synthesis is required to clarify key concepts, highlight research gaps, and will ensure that future research activities address relevant needs. Methods We conducted a scoping review of scientific literature (English/French; no date limits) reporting on the effects of parental CVD on children’s behavioural, emotional, and social outcomes and children’s support needs. Following a search of nine databases, relevant articles were systematically screened and data from eligible studies were abstracted for synthesis. Results Nine studies were identified (3 qualitative; 6 quantitative [3 cross-sectional; 1 cross-sectional with comparator group; 2 longitudinal]; no interventions). Studies are dated (60% conducted >10 years ago), all studies were in high-income countries, and sociodemographic factors beyond age and sex were underreported. Across all studies, 948 children with an affected parent were included (M age=13.9 years; 49% female). Parental condition was most commonly a stroke (6 studies), undefined cardiac-related illness (1 study), or CVD encompassing several diagnostic categories (2 studies). Outcomes were measured from 1 month to 5 years after the parent’s diagnosis. Children reported reductions in their support system, increased existential concerns, and taking on additional household duties after the onset of CVD in a parent. In comparison to peers without parental CVD, rates of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and poor social competence were higher among children who have a parent with CVD. Family-centred clinical or community-based programming that included children was desired but very few received any formalized support. Conclusion Children may be at enhanced risk for poor behavioural, emotional, and social outcomes after a parent is diagnosed with CVD, but data on this topic are limited, outcomes among more diverse samples are unknown, and longitudinal studies in the context of parental cardiac-related illnesses are absent. Before recommendations can be made on optimal approaches for supporting children navigating parental CVD, additional high-quality research, including interventional studies, are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".