TOPONYMIC NOMINATIONS IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PROVINCES OF CANADA AS A REFLECTION OF THE LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD OF CANADIANS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is devoted to toponymic nominations of the Englishspeaking provinces of Canada in the aspect of the linguistic picture of the world of Canadians, toponymic layers and influences of different linguistic genesis.Toponyms have paradigmatic and syntagmatic characteristics inherent to words in general, however, they are characterized, first of all, by special principles of nomination, such as the factor of the geographical environment, the factor of spatial properties of objects of the surrounding world, the ethnic composition of the population, the factor of material, social and spiritual culture, contacts of languages and cultures.The linguistic and cultural significance of toponyms can be characterized as a kind of familiarization card, with which it is appropriate to begin acquaintance with the country, its regions, cities, villages and, most importantly, with the people who inhabit and inhabited it.Geographical names appear as a kind of compressed ethnocultural text, carrying information about the historical past of peoples, the boundaries of their settlement, cultural, commercial and geographical centers, etc. Toponyms mark and reflect the most significant layers of the vocabulary of the geographical space for society.Modeling the picture of the world allows us to answer the question of how toponymic nominations reflect stereotypes of perception and understanding of reality, how language organizes and orders the geographical division, perception and reflection of the world.In solving this problem, it is logical to rely on the theory of nomination, since this theory examines the process of objects receiving their names.This material allows not only to present the English-language toponymic corpus of Canada, but also to examine and compare the stages and conditions of its formation in various historical periods, which is essential for the interpretation and reconstruction of the linguistic picture of the world (hereinafter -LPW) of Canadians in diachronic and synchronic aspects.The LCM, in turn, is a reliable base of linguistic data, by studying which one can make important conclusions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".