The Effect of Low‐Fat Diets Versus High‐Fat Diet on Sex Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the light of the precursor of sex hormones, dietary fat may affect their levels. In the present meta-analysis, we sought to compare the effects of low-fat versus high-fat diets on sex hormones and their metabolites in adults. Databases were searched up to June 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials comparing low-fat diets (fat intake ≤30% of total energy) with high-fat diets in relation to circulating sex hormone levels. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, incorporating data from 11 trials with 888 participants. Studies were selected based on their comparison of low-fat versus high-fat diets and the measurement of sex hormone concentrations. The meta-analysis found no significant differences in serum levels of various sex hormones between low-fat and high-fat diet groups. The hormones assessed included estradiol (95% CI, -7.71, 1.10), estrone (95% CI, -12.39, 24.76), sex hormone-binding globulin (95% CI, -3.22, 0.70), dehydroepiandrosterone (95% CI, -0.38, 0.46), testosterone (95% CI, -14.48, 13.50), progesterone (95% CI, -2.82, 1.75), and androstenedione (95% CI, -0.54, 0.03). We found no significant effect of low-fat diets on sex hormones compared with high-fat diets. Our findings, however, were tempered by the small number of studies and low certainty of evidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.056 | 0.097 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.054 | 0.011 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".