Contrasting impacts of nitrogen enrichment on soil nematode diversity in natural and managed ecosystems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Soil nematode communities are increasingly subjected to pressures from multiple global change drivers, such as nitrogen (N) enrichment and land management practices. Although the critical role of N inputs in regulating soil nematode communities has been well studied, the contrasting responses of soil nematode diversity to N enrichment in natural versus managed ecosystems remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct a global meta‐analysis using 3323 paired observations from 173 publications to quantify the impacts of mineral N inputs on the richness and abundance of soil nematode diversity across natural ecosystems (e.g. unmanaged grasslands and forests) and managed ecosystems (e.g. croplands). N enrichment significantly reduced the richness and abundance of soil nematode communities in natural ecosystems, primarily driven by the prohibiting effects of N enrichment‐induced soil ammonium toxicity and soil acidification on the abundances of plant‐feeding, fungal‐feeding and omnivorous‐carnivorous nematodes. In contrast, while N enrichment reduced the taxon richness of soil nematodes in managed ecosystems, it did not diminish their total abundance. This discrepancy may be explained by the increased soil microbial biomass under N enrichment, which favoured the dominance of bacterial‐feeding nematodes. These nematodes thrived at the expense of other trophic guilds with low resource competitiveness and high N sensitivities, leading to a loss of species diversity but maintaining overall community abundance. Furthermore, the responses of soil nematode richness and abundance to N enrichment in managed ecosystems were not regulated by N addition regimes and climate factors. This suggests that management practices may override the constraints imposed by climate change on nematode diversity. Synthesis and application. Our findings demonstrate that N enrichment exerts a greater negative impact on soil nematode diversity in natural ecosystems compared with managed cropping systems, which arises from the distinct responses of different soil nematode trophic guilds to management practices and environmental changes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the contrasting effects of N enrichment on soil nematode diversity in natural versus managed ecosystems is critical for enhancing the ecological resilience of soil food webs and sustaining soil biodiversity in the face of global change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".