Single fetal demise in twin anemia–polycythemia sequence: perinatal outcome of surviving cotwin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perinatal outcome after spontaneous single intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in monochorionic twin pregnancies with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all monochorionic twin pregnancies with TAPS that underwent spontaneous single IUFD and were registered in the international TAPS Registry between 2014 and 2023. The primary outcomes were mortality and severe neonatal cerebral injury in the surviving cotwin. RESULTS: A total of 39 twin pregnancies with TAPS that underwent spontaneous single IUFD were included, of which 77% (30/39) developed TAPS after laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome and 23% (9/39) developed TAPS spontaneously. Single IUFD occurred mostly in the donor twin (35/39 (90%)). The median gestational age at single IUFD was 23.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 20.7-27.9) weeks. The median gestational age at birth of the surviving cotwin was 34.3 (IQR, 32.2-36.0) weeks. Cotwin death occurred in one (3%) case and was due to extreme prematurity and intrauterine fetal infection. None of the surviving cotwins had severe neonatal cerebral injury, nor did any require rescue intrauterine transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: In twin pregnancy with TAPS, the risk of mortality and severe neonatal cerebral injury in the surviving cotwin after spontaneous single IUFD appears to be low, which is probably owing to reduced perimortem transfusion through minuscule placental anastomoses. © 2025 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".