0284 Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation Is Well Tolerated During Sleep Deprivation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) improves performance in well-rested individuals. We assessed the tolerability of this technology during sleep loss, associated with a reduced pain threshold, to ensure its usefulness during extended periods of wakefulness. Methods During a four-night stay healthy participants were given a two hour sleep opportunity at 2300 the first night followed by 46 hours of sleep deprivation (SD). There were a total of four stimulations for 10 min during the SD period (1.5, 2.75, 25.25, and 26.5 hours into SD). The tDCS group received 9 min of sustained 2mA stimulation following a 30 sec ramp up and ending with a 30 sec ramp down, and the sham group received only the 30 sec ramp up and down at beginning and end of the stimulation period. Participants rated the sensation of stimulation (from 0-9) on the Thermal Sensation Scale (TSS) at 30 sec into stimulation and after stimulation termination. Stimulation was immediately stopped if a rating was seven or higher. Results Analysis of 17 healthy individuals (nine in the tDCS group, eight in the sham group) revealed that stimulation was well tolerated across all four stimulation sessions for both groups (average TSS score during stimulation = 3.00 ± 1.60, after stimulation = 1.72 ± 1.34). TSS scores during stimulation increased with repeated stimulation sessions and longer extended wakefulness (main effect of session p=0.02), but consistently remained well below the cutoff for stimulation termination within each session (average TSS score during stimulation for 3rd and 4th sessions = 3.06 ± 1.48 and 3.82 ± 1.38, respectively). TSS scores did not differ between groups (effect of group during stimulation p=0.07 and after stimulation p=0.72). Conclusion These findings indicate that PFC tDCS during SD is well tolerated by healthy individuals. Although TSS scores increased with sleep loss, these ratings remained low and comparable for the tDCS and sham groups (suggesting that participants remained blinded during the study). These findings demonstrate that PFC tDCS can be administered safely and comfortably during sleep loss. Support (if any) Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Defense Health Agency
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".