Among-population proteomic differences in Schistocephalus solidus based on excretory/secretory and total body protein predictions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Parasites secrete and excrete a variety of molecules that evolved to help establish and sustain infections within hosts. Parasite adaptation to their host may lead to between-population divergence in these excretory and secretory products (ESPs), but few studies have tested for intraspecific variation in helminth proteomes. METHODS: Schistocephalus solidus is a cestode that parasitizes the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. We used an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol to characterize the ESPs and whole-body proteome of S. solidus. Specifically, we characterized the proteome of S. solidus at the plerocercoid stage from wild-caught stickleback from three lakes on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and one lake in Alaska (USA). We tested for differences in proteome composition among the four populations and specifically between ESPs and body tissue. RESULTS: Overall, we identified 1362 proteins in the total proteome of S. solidus, with 542 of the 1362 proteins detected exclusively in the ESPs. Of the ESP proteins, we found signaling peptides and transmembrane proteins that had not been previously detected or characterized in S. solidus. We also found that protein spectrum counts varied greatly among all lake populations. CONCLUSIONS: These population-level differences were observed in both ESP and whole-body tissue types. Our study suggests that S. solidus can excrete and secrete a wide range of proteins which are distinct among populations. These differences might reflect plastic responses to host genotype differences, or evolved adaptations by Schistocephalus to different local host populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".