Inuit and Empire: The Hudson’s Bay Company, “Native Welfare” in Arctic Canada and Labrador, and The Eskimo Book of Knowledge (1925–1931)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Historians have not examined the Hudson’s Bay Company’s (HBC) “Native Welfare” program undertaken by its Development Department from 1926 to 1931, and the work of George Binney, who consolidated the company’s humanitarian and health initiatives in these years into a London-directed social engineering program. His book, The Eskimo Book of Knowledge , published by the HBC in 1931 in both English and Inuktitut, and Native Welfare itself, was largely developed to address problems perceived in the company’s newly acquired Moravian mission trade, but discursively, the health, welfare and social programming it advanced targeted all Inuit in Canada’s north. Similar to other corporate welfare programs developed by firms in North America and Europe, Native Welfare attempted to raise the health, morale and productivity of Inuit. But Binney’s book encouraged Inuit to self-identify as citizens of the British Empire. The HBC’s Native Welfare likely supported if not provided the ideological foundations of the Canadian state’s interventionist development programs in the Arctic after World War II.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".