5 Impacts of high levels of vitamins during two gestational cycles on the reproductive performance of gilts and sows, litter performance and the immunoglobulins concentrations in dams and piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of high levels of dietary vitamins to gilts and sows during two consecutive reproductive cycles on dams’ reproductive performance, piglets growth performance and immunoglobulins concentrations in dams and piglets. From mating, 18 gilts and 23 sows were randomly assigned to the experimental treatments: CTR - gestation diet with NRC (2012) levels of vitamins; or HiVit - gestation diet exceeding the North American industry standards (Flohr et al., 2016) for vitamins. No supplementation was done during lactation. A commercial vaccine was given to dams. In both cycles, blood samples were collected from dams prior to the beginning of treatments and at days 100 and 110 of gestation, as well as colostrum (day 1) and piglets blood at days 2 and 21 for the detection of immunoglobulins. In both cycles, dams reproductive performance and piglets growth performance were recorded. Performance and metabolic parameters were statistically analyzed according to a 2x2 (treatment x cycle) and a 2x2x3 (treatment x cycle x time) factorial design. There was no difference on sows reproductive performance. In cycle 2, gilts bodyweight at mating tended to be higher for CTR (P = 0.10) but HiVit gilts had greater bodyweight gain (P = 0.04). Although not statistically different between treatments, total born (P = 0.12) and total born alive (P = 0.14) were reduced by 3.2 and 2.7 for CTR gilts between cycles and by 0.5 and 0.3 for HiVit. There was no difference for the number of weaned piglets (P ≥ 0.16). In cycle 2, average litter weight at 24 hours was higher for HiVit litters (P = 0.04) but at weaning the average piglets bodyweight tended to be higher for CTR (P = 0.06). Although in CTR sows had higher total IgG quantities in cycle 1 (P = 0.03), these values decrease by half in cycle 2 (P < 0.01), whereas HiVit sows had similar quantities between cycles (P = 0.86). For vaccine-specific IgG, a tendency for overall higher titers were detected in HiVit gilts serum (P = 0.09) but not on colostrum or piglets serum. Sows colostrum vaccine-specific IgG titers tended (P = 0.06) to be higher for CTR group in cycle 1 and for HiVit groups in cycle 2. Compared to cycle 1, piglets serum vaccine-specific IgG titers increased for CTR groups at day 21 of cycle 2 (P < 0.01) but not for HiVit (P = 0.37). In conclusion, supplementing gilts with high levels of vitamins during more than one reproductive cycle may improve piglets performance during the early suckling period but withdrawing HiVit maternal supplementation during lactation may have been detrimental to piglets performance at weaning. Immune response to vaccine was inconsistent between reproductive cycles in both treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".